In this chapter, we address situations where negotiations become especially difficult, often to the point of stalemate or breakdown. As we have noted several times negotiation is a conflict management process, and all conflict situations have the potential for becoming derailed. As the title suggests that nature of negotiations are difficult to resolve, the causes of stalemate, impasse, or breakdown. The specific actions that the parties can take jointly to try to move the conflict back to a level where successful negotiation and conflict resolution can ensure.
In the first section, this chapter discussed about the nature of the negotiation, examine the causes of stalemate, impasse, or breakdown, and explore the characteristics of the difficult negotiations, including characteristics of the parties, the types of issues involved, and the process in play. Initially, we need to know the characteristics of the negotiations which are difficult to resolve. The process of conflict resolution is characterized by the atmosphere, channels of communication, unclear definition of original issues, the great differences in the respective positions, the locked initial negotiating positions, and the hidden dissension in the same group or side.
The tools that we discussed are broad in function and in application, and they represent self-help for negotiators in dealing with stalled or problematic exchanges. None of these methods and remedies is a panacea, and each should be chosen and applied with sensitivity to the needs and limitations of the situations and of the negotiators involved. A truly confrontational breakdown, especially one that involves agreements of great impact or importance, sometimes justifies the introduction of individuals or agencies who themselves are not party to the dispute.
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